When a short-circuit condition occurs, running motors contribute 4-6 times their normal full-load current. What is this condition called?

• A. Overload
• B. Ground fault
• C. Short circuit
• D. Normal operation

Answer: (C)

A short circuit is a fault where a very low-impedance path forms, causing current to surge far above normal running levels. When a motor experiences a short, the current can jump to roughly 4–6 times its full-load current because the circuit offers little resistance and the supply drives a large, unwanted current flow. This drastic, rapid increase distinguishes a short circuit from normal operation or from an overload, where current rises due to excessive load but without the abrupt, extreme surge seen in a fault. A ground fault is a specific type of fault where current leaks to earth; it’s still a short-related condition, but the general term for this scenario is short circuit.